CHAPTER THREE: TRANSFER OF ASSETS AGAINST SHARES
Definitions 104. In this Chapter – "asset" – an asset other than – (1) movables of an individual that he keeps for his personal use or for the personal use of his relatives or of his dependents; (2) business stock; (3) a right, whether by Law or in equity, to occupy real estate used for residential purposes and not for earnings or profit. "company" – (1) an Israel resident company incorporated in Israel under the Companies Ordinance or the Companies Law or a cooperative society incorporated in Israel under the Cooperative Societies Ordinance; (2) a company approved by the Director for this purpose, which is a foreign resident, or which is an Israel resident foreign company, as defined in the Companies Ordinance or in the Companies Law; aforesaid approval may be conditional on the provisions of collateral, or on other conditions that the Director will prescribe; "capital gain" – including land appreciation.
Transfer of all rights to an asset 104A.(a) If a person transfers all his rights in an asset to a company in consideration of rights that exist in that company, then he shall not be charged tax under this Ordinance, under the Land Appreciation Tax Law or under the Inflationary Adjustments Law, as the case may be, if all the following conditions have been met: (1) during at least two years after the day of the transfer the transferor holds at least 90% of each of the rights in the 161 company; (2) the company holds the asset transferred to it during at least two years after the day of the transfer; (3) the ratio between the market value of the rights allocated to the transferor and the market value of all the rights in the company immediately after the transfer equals the ratio between the market value of the transferred asset and the market value of the company immediately after the transfer; (4) repealed (b) The provisions of subsection (a) shall not apply to an asset owned by a partnership or jointly owned by several owners. (b1) If an asset was transferred to a company that is a real estate association or became a real estate association after the transfer of the asset, then the provisions of subsection (a) shall apply, on condition that all the transferor's rights in the asset were transferred, and that – if the transferred asset is land – construction of a building on that land was completed within four years after the transfer, according to conditions set by the Director. (c) Repealed
Transfer of an asset by several persons 104B.(a) If partners in a partnership or joint owners cause all their rights in an asset owned by the partnership to be transferred or if they transfer all rights to an asset jointly owned by them, as the case may be, to a company set up especially for that purpose and if that company owned no other asset and engaged in no other activity at that time or previously, and all that only against the allocation of shares in that company, then they shall not be charged tax under this Ordinance, under the Inflationary Adjustments Law or under the Land Appreciation Tax Law, as the case may be, if all the following conditions have been met: (1) during at least two years after the day of the transfer, the share of each partner or of each joint owner in each of the rights in the company is equal to the share each had in the assets transferred as aforesaid, or to his share in the partnership, as the case may be; (2) the company holds the assets transferred to it for at least two years after the day of the transfer; (3) the ratio between the market value of the rights allocated to each of the partners or owners and the total market value of the company immediately after the allocation is equal to the ratio between the market value of that partner's or owner's share in the asset and the market value of the company immediately after the date of transfer; (4) if land was transferred to the company as said in this subsection, and if thereafter the company became a real estate association, then the exemption prescribed in this section shall be granted only if construction of a building on the land was completed within four years after the transfer, in accordance with conditions to be set by the Director. (b) If several jointly owned assets were transferred, or if a jointly owned asset and an asset owned by a partnership were transferred, then the provisions of subsection (a) shall apply only if the share of each of the joint owners of each transferred asset is equal to his share in all the 162 other assets, and in the case of a partnership also to his share in the partnership. (c) (1) For the purposes of subsections (a) and (b), rights in a single company shall be deemed a single asset, and the holders of those rights shall be deemed partners to that asset. (2) A company, to which an asset was transferred under this section in the past shall also be deemed a company said in subsection (a), as long as all the following holds true from the date of the company's establishment until two years after the day on which an additional asset was transferred under this section: (a) the holders of rights in the company have not changed; (b) the ratio between the market value of the rights allocated to each transferor for the transfer of an additional asset and the value of the additional asset on the day of its transfer, is the same as the ratio between the market value of the transferor's share of all the assets which he transferred to the company and the market value of the company immediately after the transfer. (d) If each of several individuals transfers on the same date a depreciable asset to a company set up especially for that purpose only against the allocation of shares, and if that company owned no other asset and engaged in no other activity at that time or previously, then they shall not be charged tax under this Ordinance at the time of the transfer, if all the following conditions have been met: (1) the purpose of the transfer is the unified management and operation of the transferred assets; (2) a proportion of all the shares in the company was allocated to each of the individuals against the transfer of the asset or assets, in the ratio between the market value of the asset which he transferred, and the market value of all the assets transferred under this subsection; (3) during at least two years after the day of the transfer no change is made in the rights of the shareholders in the company that was set up; (4) the transferred assets will be used by the company in the course of the company's business, in a manner that is customary under the circumstances, and they will remain in its possession for at least two years after the day of the transfer; (5) not more than ten individuals will form a company under this subsection; however, the Director may permit a larger number of individuals to join in the formation of a cooperative society; (6) the market value of any asset transferred by any one of the individuals shall not exceed the market value of any asset transferred by another individual more than four-fold, all at the date of the transfer; the Director may change the said ratio, for reasons which shall be recorded; (7) no asset that is a real estate right shall be transferred under the terms of this subsection. (e) The provisions of subsection (d) shall not apply to an asset owned by a partnership or owned jointly by several owners. (f) If a company transfers an asset to another company, in which the holders of rights are identical with the holders of rights in the transferor company, and if the share of each in the rights of the company is identical to the share of his rights in the transferor company (hereafter: 163 sister company), then at the time of the transfer it shall not be charged tax under this Ordinance, under the Inflationary Adjustments Law or under the Land Appreciation Tax Law, as the case may be, if all the conditions prescribed by the Minister of Finance in regulations have been met. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note: Under section 75 of Amendment No. 147 the following subsection (g) is in effect only in respect of tax years 2005 to 2007 – Tr.
(g) (1) If a foreign resident company transfers all its assets and activities to an Israel resident company, in which the holders of rights are identical to the holders of rights in the transferor company, and the part of each holder of rights is identical with his right in the transferor company, then the transfer shall not be charged tax under this Ordinance, if the Director certified that the conditions and restrictions prescribed by the Minister of Finance under paragraph (2) have been complied with. (2) The Minister of Finance may, with approval by the Knesset Finance Committee, prescribe conditions and restrictions for purposes of the tax exemption prescribed in paragraph (1), including the matter of tax postponement, the original cost, the tax rate that will apply to capital gains or profits and dividends that stem from the transferor company, and the period during which shares shall be held in order to get the exemption under this section; he also may prescribe provisions and reports for the implementation of this section. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transfer of shares to parent company 104C. (a) If a company transfers to the holder of its shares all the shares it holds in another company (hereafter: the transferred shares), then it shall not be charged tax under this Ordinance or under the Inflationary Adjustments Law in respect of the sale of the transferred shares, if all the following conditions have been met and on condition that the Director's approval was obtained before the transfer: (1) the shareholder (hereafter: the parent company) is a company that holds all the rights in the transferor company; (2) no consideration is given for the transferred shares, either directly or indirectly, in cash nor in kind; (3) the transferred shares will remain in the parent company during at least two years after the day of transfer; (4) during at least two years after the day of transfer no change occurs in the parent company's rights in the transferor company; (5) the Court gave approval under section 303 of the Companies Law, if that was required; (6) the asset is transferred for a business and economic purpose, improper tax avoidance or tax reduction not being among the main purposes of the transfer. (b) If the transferor company had an approved enterprise, within its meaning in the Investment Encouragement Law, which – on the date of the transfer – is able to distribute dividends under section 47(b)(2) or 51(c) of that Law, then the said share transfer shall be treated like an aforesaid dividend distribution. (c) The Director shall make rules on the adjustments necessary for 164 purposes of this section and for purposes of the Inflationary Adjustments Law in consequence of the implementation of this section, in respect of the transferor company and of the parent company, in respect of the determination of the original cost or of the consideration, or in respect of any other matter. (d) Repealed (e) (1) The provisions of subsections (a) to (c) shall apply – with changes to be prescribed by the Director, also on the non-applicability of part of the said provisions – to banking corporations within their meaning in the Banking (Licensing) Law 5741-1981, and to companies under their control, which – in tax years 1996 and 1997 – transfer rights that they hold in real bodies corporate, within their meaning in the said Law, on condition that – if the transferor is the banking corporation – the company to which the shares were transferred will not have any income as said in section 2(1) in the course of two years after the date of the transfer; (2) the conditions said in subsection (a)(3) and (4) shall also apply to a transfer said in paragraph (1), other than in a sale of rights in a real body corporate that was transferred to a parent company that is the banking corporation, or in a sale of rights in the transferor real body corporate, when such sales are performed in order to comply with provisions of the Banking (Licensing) Law 5741- 1981; (3) without derogating from the provisions of any statute, decisions to transfer shares said in this subsection require approval by the General Meeting of the transferor body corporate and they shall be treated like extraordinary resolutions within their meaning in section 115(a)(3) of the Companies Ordinance. (e1) If the Director did not approve the transfer of shares under the provisions of subsection (a), then appeal may be lodged against his decision, as if it were an Order under section 152(b). (f) The Minister of Finance may, with approval by the Knesset Finance Committee, prescribe provisions on the application of all or part of this section to foreign companies, with the restrictions and on the conditions he shall prescribe.
Sale of rights and assets 104D. For the purposes of sections 104A to 104C: (1) if one of the things specified in subparagraphs (a) to (d) below occurs, that shall not be deemed to affect the continued holding of rights in the company, provided that the rights of the persons who held the rights immediately after the transfer do not – at any time during two years after the transfer – drop to less than 51% of each of the rights in the company; (a) shares as defined in section 102 were offered to the public on an Exchange by prospectus, which states that the Exchange agreed to list the shares for trading on it; (b) during two years after the date of the transfer one or more of the holders of rights in the company to which the asset was transferred voluntarily sold less than 10% of each of the rights held by him, or he sold a greater percentage with the consent of the other shareholders, on condition that the following holds true: (1) all the rights sold by all holders of rights do not exceed 10% 165 of the rights in the company; (2) all the holders of rights in an asset before its transfer to the company shall not sell a percentage of their rights in the company that exceeds the difference between the percentage of their rights immediately after the transfer and 90% of the rights in the company; (c) new shares were allocated to a person who did not hold rights in the company before the allocation, in an amount that does not exceed 25% of the share capital before the allocation; (d) repealed (1a) an involuntary sale of rights shall not be deemed an infringement of the continued possession of rights in the company; (2) holders of rights who hold rights traded on an Exchange shall not – for purposes of paragraph (1) – be included among the holders of rights, unless they were controlling members on the date of the merger; for this purpose, "controlling member" – other than a benefit fund and a trust fund; (3) the replacement of assets to which section 96 or section 27 was made applicable or their involuntary sale shall not be deemed the sale of an asset; (4) the sale of any asset, which is not liable to Land Appreciation Tax because of the provisions of this Chapter, shall be liable to acquisition tax at the rate of 0.5% of its value; (5) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Chapter, the Director may prescribe rules, according to which the split or merger of a company, to which an asset said in this Chapter was transferred, will not be deemed a violation of the conditions specified in this Chapter.
Calculation upon sale of asset 104E.(a) If an asset was transferred as said in sections 104A and 104B, then its original cost, the balance of its original cost, the day of its acquisition and its acquisition price shall be – for purposes of this Ordinance, of the Inflationary Adjustments Law and of the Land Appreciation Tax Law – as they would have been for the transferor, and the seller shall also be allowed to deduct those deductions, which the transferor would have been allowed to deduct at the sale of the asset, but the original cost of a transferred asset that is a security or a future traded on an Exchange shall be determined according to the provisions of section 104F, as if the security or future were a share, as said in that section; for the purposes of this section: "future" – as defined in section 88. (b) The transfer of an asset under sections 104A to 104C shall be deemed a sale, for calculation of the periods under section 21A of the Industry Encouragement Law. (c) A capital gain or a capital loss created in consequence of the sale of an asset that was transferred as said in sections 104A to 104C, must not – during the period of two years after the transfer date – be set off against profit or loss under sections 28 or 92, as the case may be; those two years shall not be taken into account for purposes of the restriction prescribed in section 92 in respect of the period of the set off.
Sale of shares 104F. The following provisions shall apply to the sale of shares that were received for an asset, as said in sections 104A and 104B: (1) the balance of the original cost of the transferred asset, adjusted from 166 the day of acquisition of the asset by the transferor until the day of transfer, less any real loss if the asset had been sold on the day of transfer, but not less than the original cost of the transferred asset (hereafter: adjusted cost) shall be the original cost of the shares; the differential between the balance of the original cost of the transferred asset and the adjusted cost shall hereafter be called the "adjustment differential"; for this purpose: "real loss" – the amount by which the market value of the asset is less than its adjusted original cost; (2) an adjustment differential, which constitutes part of the original cost of the sold shares, shall be added to the consideration from the sale of the shares and shall be deemed an additional inflationary amount; (3) the date of transfer of the asset shall be deemed the date of the shares' acquisition; however, upon the sale of shares obtained for an asset that was acquired up to the determining date, the date on which the transferred asset was acquired shall be deemed the day of acquisition of the shares for purposes of the calculation of the real capital gain up to the determining date.
Miscellaneous provisions 104G. (a) The provisions of sections 104A to 104C shall apply only if the transferor of the asset informed the Assessing Officer of the transfer of the asset within 30 days of its transfer, and if he attached to his notification returns, affidavits and particulars, all as the Minister of Finance prescribed in regulations. (b) (1) The provisions of section 103J, subject to the provisions of paragraph (2), and of sections 103L and 103O shall apply to the transferor of an asset, as if he were a transferor company or a shareholder in it, as the case may be, and as if the company to which the asset was transferred were a merged company, all mutatis mutandis as the case may be. (2) If it turns out that one of the conditions for the grant of benefits prescribed in section 104A, 104B or 104C was not complied with on time (hereafter: violation), then the transfer of the asset that was not charged tax at the time of the transfer shall be liable to tax as said in paragraph (1), or liable to tax according to the transferred asset's market value on the day of the violation, whichever is greater, unless the Assessing Officer is satisfied that the violated obligation was violated because of special circumstances beyond the transferor's control; the value set as aforesaid in this paragraph shall be the original price of the asset for the company and the day in respect of which the said value was set shall be the day of acquisition. (c) If a company transferred an asset, then – during two years after the date of the transfer – the provisions of the Inflationary Adjustments Law and of section 130A, which would have applied to the company that transferred the asset, shall apply to the asset and to the company to which it was transferred, all with adjustments to be prescribed by the Director. (d) The applicant for certification under this Chapter shall pay an application fee in an amount to be set by the Minister of Finance, and the Minister may set different fees for different categories of transfers, also taking into consideration the value of the transferred assets and the manner of their transfer. 167 Exchange of shares 104H (a) In this section – "exchange of shares" – the transfer of shares of a company (in this section: transferee company), including rights to acquire shares (in this section: the transferred shares) as consideration for the allocation of shares of another company that are listed for trading on an Exchange, either with or without additional consideration (in this section: the merged company and the allocated shares); "transferor" – whoever transferred the shares to the merged company; "blocked share" – a share, the sale of which is absolutely restricted by a statutory provision or by orders from the authority that is statutorily competent to make rules for trading in securities, during the designated period (in this section: the blocked period); "day of sale" – the earlier of the following: (a) the date on which the allocated share was sold; (b) the end of the postponement period; for this purpose: "the postponement period" – (1) in respect of allocated shares that are not blocked shares –
(a) in respect of one half of them – 24 months after the day of exchange; allocated shares, including blocked shares, sold until the end of the said 24 months shall be taken into account in calculating the half; (b) in respect of their balance – forty-eight months after the day of the exchange; (2) in respect of blocked shares – (a) in respect of one half of them – 24 months after the day of exchange or six months after the end of the blocked period, whichever is later, on condition that blocked shares with shorter blocked periods than other blocked periods set for the balance of the blocked shares be first taken into account; shares sold as said in subparagraph (1)(a) until that date shall be taken into account in calculating the half; (b) in respect of their balance – forty-eight months after the day of the exchange, or six months after the end of the blocked period, whichever is later; "trustee" – a person approved by the Director as trustee for the purposes of this section; "value at the end of the postponement period" – the amount obtained by adding up the amounts of the share's value on the Exchange at the end of trading on each of the thirty trading days before the end of the postponement period, divided by 30; "additional consideration" – a cash amount given for the transferred shares, in addition to the allocated shares; (b) (1) An exchange of shares shall not – at the time of their exchange – be deemed their sale for purposes of Part Five, of the Real Estate Taxation Law or of the Inflationary Adjustments Law, if all the following hold true: (a) the ratio between the market value of the transferred shares and the market value of the merged company immediately after the exchange of shares is like the ratio between the market value of the allocated shares, including the additional consideration, and the market value of all 168 rights in the merged company immediately after the exchange of shares; (b) the merged company allocated shares with equal rights to all persons who transferred from the same company; (c) the transferor paid an advance in respect of the additional consideration at the tax rate that applies under section 91(a), (b) or (b1), as the case may be; the provisions of section 91(d) or the provisions that apply to a real estate association act under the Real Estate Taxation Law, as the case may be, shall apply to the advance, mutatis mutandis; (d) all the shares and also all the rights of the transferor and of parties associated with him to acquire shares in the transferee company were transferred as part of the exchange of shares, unless the Director approved otherwise and on the conditions he set; (e) an application was submitted to the Director that he certify that the share exchange meets the conditions specified in this section, on condition that the application was submitted at least 30 days before the date of the exchange of shares, and the Director so certified; certification under this paragraph may be conditional on the provision of guaranties to the Director's satisfaction and on other conditions, as the Director will prescribe; (f) the allocated shares shall be deposited with a trustee, to secure payment of the tax and compliance with the provisions of this section; (2) if the Director determined that the exchange of shares did not meet the conditions prescribed in this section, then his decision may be appealed as if it had been an Order under section 152(b); (3) notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, when shares of a transferee company that is a real estate association are exchanged, then the provisions of section 104D(4) shall apply, mutatis mutandis. (c) If the conditions said in subsection (b) have been complied with, then the following provisions shall apply: (1) the allocated shares shall be deemed to have been sold on the day of sale; (2) the consideration shall be calculated according to the following provisions: (a) if the allocated share was sold before the end of the postponement period – the consideration for the sale; (b) if the allocated share was not sold before the end of the postponement period – its value at the end of the postponement period; all with the addition of the adjusted additional consideration and the amounts of dividends distributed in respect of the allocated shares during the period between the date of the exchange and the day of sale, divided by the number of allocated shares; for this purpose: "the adjusted additional consideration" – the additional consideration, adjusted from the date of the exchange of shares until the day of the sale; (3) the provisions of section 104F shall apply, mutatis mutandis, and for this purpose the transferred shares shall be deemed an asset; (4) repealed 169 (5) the following provisions shall apply to the sale of the allocated shares: (a) the part of the capital gain up to the date of the share exchange shall be charged tax at the tax rate that would have applied, if the provisions of section 104H did not apply on the date on which the shares were exchanged; (b) the part of the capital gain from the date of the share exchange up to the day of sale shall be charged tax in accordance with the provisions of section 91(a) or (b), as the case may be; (c) when the allocated share is sold by a foreign resident, then the tax exemption said in section 97(b2) shall apply only if – on the date of the share exchange – the transferor would have been entitled to the said tax exemption, had he sold the transferred shares on the day of their exchange; (d) for purposes of this paragraph: "part of the capital gain up to the date of the share exchange" – the capital gain, multiplied by the ratio of the period between the acquisition of the transferred shares and the date of the share exchange, to the period between the said acquisition and the day of the sale of the allocated shares; (6) if the transferor sold the allocated shares after the end of the postponement period, then the allocated shares shall be deemed to have been newly acquired, the end of the postponement period shall be deemed the day of acquisition, and the value at the end of the postponement period shall be deemed the original cost; (7) notwithstanding the provision of any statute, a merger or split of the merged company after the exchange of shares shall not be deemed a sale of the allocated shares, and the Director may make provisions on this matter in special rules; (8) (a) for purposes of section 94B, profits available for distribution, as defined in that section, which accrued in the transferee company from the end of the tax year before the year in which the transferred shares were acquired by the transferor until the end of the tax year before the year in which the exchange of shares was carried out (hereafter: year of exchange) shall be deemed profits available for distribution when the allocated shares are sold; however, profits available for distribution which accrued before January 1, 1996, shall not be taken into account; (b) the Director shall prescribe rules for the determination of profits available for distribution in an exchange of shares, when the allocated shares are shares of an Israel resident company; (9) an amount of tax which the transferor paid to the Assessing Officer in respect of dividend income on allocated shares, which was distributed during the period between the date of the exchange and the day of sale shall be adjusted from the day of the tax payment until the day of sale, and shall be divided by the number of allocated shares in respect of which the dividend was distributed, and credit in its respect shall be given against the tax due on the capital gain when the allocated shares are sold; (10) if bonus shares were allocated to the transferor during the period 170 between the date of the exchange and the day of sale, then they shall be treated like allocated shares; (11) (a) if the transferor was an Israel resident on the day of the exchange of shares, then he shall be deemed to be an Israel resident also on the day of the sale; (b) if the transferor was a foreign resident and section 89(b) would have applied, if he had sold the shares on the day of the exchange of shares, then the allocated shares shall be deemed an asset located in Israel. (d) If the conditions said in subsection (b) have been complied with, then the following provisions shall apply to the transferred shares held by the merged company: (1) a profit or loss created by the sale of the transferred shares shall not be allowed to be set off, in the tax year in which the shares were exchanged and during the following two years, against a loss or profit in the merged company, all in accordance with sections 28 or 92, as the case may be, and during the following three years any profit or loss created by the sale of the transferred shares shall not be allowed to be set off as aforesaid against any profit or loss created by the sale of assets, the day of acquisition of which was before the day of the exchange of shares; the periods said in this paragraph shall not be included in the restriction prescribed in section 92(b) in respect of the set-off period; (2) (a) the day of the exchange of shares shall be deemed the day of acquisition of the transferred shares, and the market value of the allocated shares at the time of the exchange of shares, plus the additional consideration, if any, divided by the number of shares transferred, shall be deemed the original cost of the transferred shares; (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (a), if the transferor and the merged company were associated parties immediately before the exchange of shares, then the Assessing Officer may prescribe – (1) that the consideration, as said in subsection (c)(2), be the original cost of the transferred shares, and that the day of sale of the allocated shares to the transferor, as determined, be deemed the day of their acquisition, even if the merged company sold the transferred shares before the day of the sale; (2) that – if the allocated shares were sold on several dates – the total consideration for the sale of all the allocated shares shall be the original cost of the transferred shares, and the last day of sale determined for any of the allocated shares shall be the day of acquisition of the transferred shares, even if the merged company sold the transferred shares before the said last day of sale. (e) For the purposes of section 102(c), an exchange of shares shall not be deemed a sale of the transferred shares; the Director may, in rules, prescribe special provisions on the applicability of some or all of the provisions of this section, mutatis mutandis. (f) The advance said in subsection (b)(1)(c) shall be adjusted from the date of payment to the day of sale, and a tax credit shall be allowed for 171 it in proportion to the number of allocated shares, which were sold by the transferor. (g) (1) The trustee shall give the Assessing Officer written notice when the postponement period ends; (2) at the time of the sale the trustee shall deduct tax at the rate said in section 91(a), (b) or (b1), as the case may be, from the consideration, or at a lower rate, as the Assessing Officer shall prescribe, and he shall transmit it to the Assessing Officer within seven days. (h) If it turns out that particulars delivered to the Assessing Officer were not correct or are substantively incomplete, or if it turns out that substantive particulars specified in the application to the Director do not comply with the conditions prescribed in subsection (b)(1), then the Assessing Officer may – at his discretion – determine that the consideration calculated under this section or the market value of the transferred shares on the day of the exchange of shares – whichever is greater – constitutes the consideration received by the transferor for the transferred shares; the Assessing Officer shall make the necessary adjustments in respect of the original cost and the day of acquisition of the transferred shares that are held by the merged company. |